Nicosia (Lefkosia, Greek: Λευκωσία) is the capital of the Republic of Cyprus, located in the central part of the island, it is a major national cultural, educational and financial centre. Here are the residences of the President of the Republic of Cyprus and the Archbishop (the highest hierarch of the Cypriot Church), the Parliament of the country, ministries, offices of large companies.
Population: 200 thousand inhabitants.
History. The city was founded in VII century BC on ruins of ancient city-state Ledra (modern name of the city is from XIII century AD). From the 10th century, during the reign of Byzantium, the status of Nicosia began to grow – primarily due to its remoteness from the coast, which became unsafe due to pirate raids from the continent. During this time, the city was repeatedly attacked by various invaders, periods of decline followed by periods of revival, and the inhabitants survived almost three hundred years of the Ottoman yoke. From 1878 to 1960, before independence, Cyprus was under the control of the British Empire.
In 1974, Nicosia was divided by the Green Line (demilitarised zone) between the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, it remained the only divided capital in Europe. In 2007-2008, the concrete wall running along Ledra Street (Nicosia’s main street) was dismantled and checkpoints were built.
Economy. The city has developed light and food industry, pottery and tannery.
Culture. The main historical and architectural monuments are located in the old town. Among the sights of Nicosia are the Venetian Walls, which were built in the last years of Venetian rule (XVI century), the Archbishop’s Palace (XX century), St. John’s Cathedral (XVII century).
Nicosia is a member of the international organisations Eurocities, the League of Historic Cities and the European Coalition of Cities against Racism.
The City Day is not celebrated.
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